Вот как мы сделали конфетку из нашей старой уродливой хрущевки

При упоминании слова «хрущевка» в голове сразу всплывает образ старой убитой квартиры, где всё завалено хламом, потолки потрескались, а туалет больше напоминает камеру пыток. Конечно, это самый плохой вариант, но кто из нас не видел таких квартир? Сегодня мы покажем тебе, что даже такую убитую однушку можно превратить в современную квартирку.

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Редакция «Так Просто!» делится с тобой идеей современного дизайна однокомнатной квартиры, который не будет стоить всех денег мира.

Дизайн квартиры в хрущевке

Изначально квартира не представляла с себя ничего особенного: старый ремонт, растрескавшийся потолок, расколотая плитка в туалете. Изначально санузел был раздельный. Малюсенькие туалет и ванная комната, а еще захламленный узкий коридор.

Новые хозяева решили сделать в квартире капитальный ремонт, вплоть до замены дверей, окон и пола. После ремонта получили вполне себе приличную квартиру с современным дизайном, хорошей мебелью и уютным интерьером. Ну что ж, давай смотреть, что получилось.

Квартира оформлена в голубых и белых тонах, выглядит очень приятно и ненавязчиво. В коридоре стоит шкаф для одежды и тумба для обуви. Это позволит сохранять порядок, ведь обувь не будет стоять под ногами и захламлять проход. Как по мне, коридорчик получился вполне милым, если еще добавить украшения на стену справа, будет просто прелестно.

Стоит отметить, что шкаф и тумба были покрашены вручную, так что не пришлось платить дополнительно за оригинальный дизайн и цвет. А так ведь и не скажешь!

Дальше по коридору по задумке была кладовка, чтобы место не пропадало зря, там сделали нишу под стиральную машинку и бойлер. Прикрыли это чудесной голубой шторкой под цвет мебели. Стоит отметить, что это очень удобный и необычный ход.

Дальше переходим в жилую комнату. Напоминаю, что это однушка, но ты только посмотри, какая она просторная. Мне кажется, что секрет в отсутствии такой любимой в советское время громадной стенки, занимающей половину комнаты. Видим, что в зале стоит лишь небольшой комод голубого цвета и просторный диван нежно-коричневого оттенка. В тон ему подобран ковер и покрывала.

Это для того, чтобы не перегрузить комнату одним цветом. Над диваном стена декорирована симпатичными картинами, а сбоку от дивана стоит зеркало. Пример того, что каждый сантиметр в такой квартире должен быть использован с умом.

В углу стоит кофейный столик, за которым можно пообедать. В этой квартире он заменяет обеденный стол, ведь на кухне для него просто нет места.

Напротив дивана стоит тумба, а на стене расположен телевизор. Обрати внимание, что нигде не торчат провода, они были протянуты заранее и спрятаны. Поэтому всё выглядит очень аккуратно.

Красивая комната, прекрасная гостиная, куда без проблем можно позвать гостей. Но где же спальня, спросишь ты? Ты мог подумать, что основной кроватью служит этот диван, но это вовсе не так. Для спальни тут отвели отдельное укромное местечко. Честно, я в восторге от этой идеи. Ведь вместо одной большой комнаты у тебя получится зал и уютная спальня.

А теперь еще один сюрприз этого дизайна. Видишь стенку слева от кровати? Так вот, там спрятан шкаф. Он просто вмонтирован в стену, поэтому не загромождает пространство.

Дальше идет кухня, как мы уже говорили, очень маленькая. На ней поместились лишь холодильник, плита и пара тумбочек. Поэтому пришлось экспериментировать с остальной техникой. Справа в углу, под шкафчиками, вмонтирована микроволновка. Очень хорошо получилось, на мой взгляд. Кухня также выполнена в голубых тонах.

Далее мы видим просторный балкон, на котором стоит удобный шкаф. В нём можно хранить все те вещи, которые не особо нужны в доме. К тому же балкон застеклен и окна сделаны в пол, что добавляет пространства и света.

Теперь пришла очередь ванной комнаты. Хозяева решила совместить санузел, чтобы добавить немного места. Честно сказать, получилось стильно и достаточно просторно. Ванная выполнена в более теплых тонах, чем вся остальная квартира, но не выбивается из общего стиля.

Душ отделен от остального пространства стеклянной перегородкой. Она практически незаметна, а поэтому делает комнату визуально больше.

С другой стороны размещена раковина и зеркало, а также полочки и сушилка для полотенец. Всё сделано в тон, а еще очень функционально.

Вот и всё, что мы хотели показать в этой квартире. Выглядит достаточно просто и в то же время элегантно. Я считаю, что выбрано очень хорошее сочетание оттенков, получилось ненавязчиво, интерьер не перегружен одним цветом. Это прекрасный пример, как можно превратить обычную хрущевку в современную квартиру.

Проблема маленьких квартир знакома многим, но всегда есть трюки, которые помогут хоть немного исправить ситуацию. Например, недавно мы делились приемами, которые помогут визуально увеличить туалет.

А еще ранее мы рассказывали о 15 приемах, которые помогут максимально эффективно использовать пространство в маленькой квартире.

А тебе понравился дизайн этой квартиры? Расскажи нам в комментариях!

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published on cemicvet.ru according to the materials takprosto.cc

90000 Interpreter of Khrushchev’s ‘We will bury you’ phrase dies at 81 — RT World News 90001 90002 Viktor Sukhodrev, the interpreter dubbed the «shadow of Soviet leaders,» has died at the age of 81. A translator for Nikita Khrushchev, he was the one to utter the words «We will bury you,» as said by Khrushchev to Western delegates during the Cold War. 90003 90002 Due to his job responsibilities, Sukhodrev always had to stay close — not further than one meter away — from a state leader, be it Nikita Khrushchev, Leonid Brezhnev, or Mikhail Gorbachev.Because of this, the renowned interpreter was often seen in photographs and video footage from some of the most important political meetings of the 20th century. After the fall of the Soviet Union, a retired Sukhodrev shared numerous «backstage» stories in his interviews and memoirs. 90003 90002 Sukhodrev, who was born in тисячі дев’ятсот тридцять два and spent his childhood in London, became the English language voice of Soviet leaders when he began his career in 1956. Over the decades, he interpreted the voices and views of Soviet politicians to seven American presidents, from Dwight Eisenhower to George Bush, and was one of just a few Soviet officials to have met all of them in person.90003 90002 The «90009 king of interpreters,» 90010 as The New York Times named him, often said that Nikita Khrushchev was one of the most difficult people to translate. Khrushchev, a Soviet leader from 1953 to 1964 used a lot of scandalous statement, cheesy jokes, and liked to spice up his speeh with proverbs (usually Ukrainian ones) that Sukhodrev had never heard before. 90003 90002 90009 «I worked with Khrushchev for many years, he was an uneducated person and he also did not like to read pre-edited texts.He liked to improvise, spoke plainly, and was fond of discussions and arguments. That is why he liked meetings with journalists: the sharper the question, the more he enjoyed it, because his answer could also be sharp, 90010 «Sukhodrev once said. 90003 90002 The interpreter witnessed the famous shoe-banging incident, which occurred during a plenary meeting of the UN General Assembly held at the United Nations. Khrushchev pounded his shoe on his delegate desk in protest of another politician’s speech.90003 90002 Sukhodrev said: «90009 He later explained that he was so furious at a delegate’s speech that he started banging his fist on the desk, which made his watch stop. He became even angrier that, because of some ‘capitalist cad,’ a good thing got broken. It made him so disappointed that he had to take his shoe off … by the way, it was not a boot, it was a sandal shoe. Khrushchev preferred wearing sandals in the warm weather. «90010 90003 90002 Despite all difficulties, the interpreter said Khrushchev was probably his favorite boss, as he enjoyed the challenge.One of the most daring was perhaps the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 which is regarded as the very moment when the Cold War could have turned into a nuclear conflict. 90003 90002 Nikita Khrushchev’s famous «90009 We will bury you» 90010 — a phrase used by the politician while addressing Western ambassadors at a reception in Moscow in 1956 — was also translated by Sukhodrev, and it was «an exact interpretation,» according to the interpreter. 90003 90002 The full quote was: «90009 Whether you like it or not, we are on the right side of history.We will bury you 90010. » But media took it out of context and the result was disastrous. 90003 90002 The interpreter later explained that Khrushchev was referring to the inevitable course of history, when one society — such as feudalism, capitalism, socialism, and then communism — gives way to another. «90009 He meant historical evolution. If one society dies off, somebody’s got to be there to bury it, 90010 «Sukhodrev said during an interview with RT. 90003 90002 Although nothing was lost in translation with Sukhodrev, his colleagues often pointed out that he made Soviet leaders sound more educated, noble, and smart.He was also recognized as a master of his craft who was able to switch effortlessly from a British accent to an American one. 90003 90002 Leonid Brezhnev also used Sukhodrev’s service. The interpreter said that unlike Khrushchev, who was a very curious person, it was difficult to interest Brezhnev. 90039 90003 90002 Once on board Richard Nixon’s plane, Brezhnev woke to see the spectacular Grand Canyon — and was not impressed at all. But, according to Sukhodrev, he liked gifts, especially cars.When given a Lincoln by Nixon, Brezhnev drove it at high speed with great pleasure. Later, in Moscow, Sukhodrev helped the leader deal with a repair parts catalog. 90003 90002 Sukhodrev spoke of his work with various European leaders. He mentioned that then-British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was tough — a real Iron Lady. «It’s amazing how we, intending to jab her — it was our propagandists who came up with the ‘Iron Lady’ term — gave her a big compliment. It became her main characteristic and merit.» 90003 90002 When talking about politicians of our age, the interpreter complimented Barack Obama — or rather his tongue. «90009 I like listening to Obama, because I think he speaks very good American English. I can compare him to the presidents I’ve met all the way up to Kennedy, who also had wonderful and very literal American English and spoke perfect language, «90010 Sukhodrev told RT. 90003 90002 Sukhodrev retired in the mid-1990s. In 1999 року, the «90009 general of interpreters, 90010 «as many called him, published a book titled ‘My tongue Is My Friend.’Dubbed by many as a great read on the history of the 20th century, the interpreter pointed out that the book was based on memories of his 30 years of service — not archives. When asked about his part in making history, he said 90009 «they formulated it — I interpreted it. 90010 » 90003 90002 Sukhodrev died from cardiac arrest in Moscow on Friday. A memorial service will be held on Monday. 90003.90000 ‘No sour cabbage soup for these people’ — RT Op-ed 90001 90002 90003 John Wight 90004 90003 John Wight has written for a variety of newspapers and websites, including the Independent, Morning Star, Huffington Post, Counterpunch, London Progressive Journal, and Foreign Policy Journal. 90004 90003 John Wight has written for a variety of newspapers and websites, including the Independent, Morning Star, Huffington Post, Counterpunch, London Progressive Journal, and Foreign Policy Journal.90004 90003 In September 1959 Nikita Khrushchev became the first Soviet leader to visit America. It was a remarkable event and a seminal moment in the Cold War. 90004 90003 Born in тисяча вісімсот дев’яносто чотири the son of poor peasants in Russia, Khrushchev’s life charts what is arguably the most dramatic period in Russian history, straddling the First World War, the 1917 February and October revolutions, the 1918-1922 civil war that ensued thereafter, the upheavals of the 1920s, followed by the five year plans and purges of the 1930s.90004 90003 It also takes in the Second World War and the post-Stalin period, a period in which Khrushchev was personally and politically central with his infamous тисячі дев’ятсот п’ятьдесят шість ‘secret speech’ to the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in Moscow. 90004 90003 Read more 90004 90017 90017 90003 For a leader whose political career was closely bound up with Stalin’s, the speech was considered by some to be an act of treachery — a cynical attempt to salve his own conscience by distancing himself from the brutal excesses of his predecessor.Others considered the speech courageous and necessary, beginning the thawing out of a sclerotic political culture within the upper echelons of the Party and government that was incompatible with the times, thus allowing the country and its people to breathe more easily. 90004 90003 Regardless of the whys and wherefores, what can not be gainsaid is that Khrushchev’s peasant background and homespun style belied a leader who was willing to take risks at home and also on the international stage. He well understood the crucial distinction between doctrinal purity that looks good on paper and policies that pass the all important test of being applicable to real world conditions, ensuring that he could never be accused of being a prisoner of fixed ideological positions.90004 90003 The fruits of such a worldview were never more evident than in a foreign policy defined by the objective of peaceful coexistence with the West. And it is here we return to a fascinating episode in the history of the Cold War, when the Soviet premier, at President Eisenhower’s invitation, embarked on a two-week tour of the US on 15-27 September 1959. 90004 90003 Khrushchev, in his multi-volume memoirs, left behind a treasure trove of personal reminiscences and recollections of the tour.With refreshing candour, he confesses that when the invitation to visit the US arrived it took Moscow by surprise. «90026 We had no reason to expect such an invitation, 90027» he writes. «90026 Our relations had been extremely strained … America had been boycotting us completely … and now, suddenly, this invitation. What did it mean? A shift of some kind? It was hard to believe 90027. » 90004 90003 His sense of pride at the shift in Washington’s stance towards the Soviet Union, though, is unabashed: «90026 We’d come a long way from the time when the United States would not even grant us diplomatic recognition.We felt pride in our country, our Party, our people, and the victories they had achieved. The main factors forcing the President [Eisenhower] to seek improved relations were our economic might, the might of our armed forces, and that of the whole socialist camp 90027. » 90004 90003 Read more 90004 90037 90037 90003 A revealing insight into the culture within the Soviet leadership is provided by the wrangling that took place over who should be part of the delegation to the US: «90026 The question came up of whether or not to take our wives.When Bulganin and I went to Geneva and London, we left our wives at home. Leaving them behind was one of our legacies from Stalin’s time. Stalin was very suspicious of anyone who took his wife on a trip with him … In general, we had always considered it unbusinesslike — and a petty-bourgeois luxury — to travel with our wives 90027. » 90004 90003 At the time of Eisenhower’s invitation, Khrushchev’s leadership was beset by crises at home and abroad. His previously mentioned speech to the 20th Congress of the CPSU, beginning the process of de-Stalinization, had the unintended consequence of catalysing anti-Soviet sentiment across the Eastern bloc, most explosively in Hungary.Meanwhile, the Cold War had got the point where it was more than justified to hold to the belief that World War III was a question of when, not if. 90004 90003 In this context, a visit to the United States brought with it the opportunity to alleviate tensions between East and West that were pregnant with risk. 90004 90003 Khrushchev’s abiding pride in the achievements of the Soviet system was manifest as soon as the Tu-114 aircraft bringing him to the US on a non-stop flight from the Soviet Union touched down in Washington and the Americans lacked stairs of sufficient height to reach the door.»90026 They had not known our plane was such a giant. We could see wonder in their eyes as they looked at it. They’d never seen anything like it, and they certainly did not have anything like it themselves, nor would they have one for a long time 90027. » 90004 90003 Apart from the series of talks the Soviet delegation held with their US counterparts on various subjects and matters of common interest, the tour took in New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Pittsburgh, before culminating in private talks with Eisenhower at the President’s Camp David retreat.90004 90003 Khrushchev’s recollection of a dinner held in his honour during his visit to Los Angeles, bringing together the city’s most wealthy and influential dignitaries, is revelatory: «90026 The meal was delicious and lavishly served, 90027» he writes. «90026 No sour cabbage soup for these people. 90027 «90004.90000 Department of State Telegram Transmitting Letter From Chairman Khrushchev to President Kennedy, October 26, 1962 — Cuban Missile Crisis 90001 90002 90003 90004 Moscow, October 26, 1962, 7 p.m. 90005 90004 1101. Policy. Embassy translation follows of letter from Khrushchev to President delivered to Embassy by messenger 4:43 p.m. Moscow time October 26, under cover of letter from Gromyko to me. 90005 90004 90009 Begin Text. 90010 90005 90004 Dear Mr. President: 90005 90004 I have received your letter of October 25.From your letter, I got the feeling that you have some understanding of the situation which has developed and (some) sense of responsibility. I value this. 90005 90004 Now we have already publicly exchanged our evaluations of the events around Cuba and each of us has set forth his explanation and his understanding of these events. Consequently, I would judge that, apparently, a continuation of an exchange of opinions at such a distance, even in the form of secret letters, will hardly add anything to that which one side has already said to the other.90005 90004 I think you will understand me correctly if you are really concerned about the welfare of the world. Everyone needs peace: both capitalists, if they have not lost their reason, and, still more, Communists, people who know how to value not only their own lives but, more than anything, the lives of the peoples. We, Communists, are against all wars between states in general and have been defending the cause of peace since we came into the world. We have always regarded war as a calamity, and not as a game nor as a means for the attainment of definite goals, nor, all the more, as a goal in itself.Our goals are clear, and the means to attain them is labor. War is our enemy and a calamity for all the peoples. 90005 90004 It is thus that we, Soviet people, and, together with US, other peoples as well, understand the questions of war and peace. I can, in any case, firmly say this for the peoples of the Socialist countries, as well as for all progressive people who want peace, happiness, and friendship among peoples. 90005 90004 I see, Mr. President, that you too are not devoid of a sense of anxiety for the fate of the world understanding, and of what war entails.What would a war give you? You are threatening us with war. But you well know that the very least which you would receive in reply would be that you would experience the same consequences as those which you sent us. And that must be clear to us, people invested with authority, trust, and responsibility. We must not succumb to intoxication and petty passions, regardless of whether elections are impending in this or that country, or not impending. These are all transient things, but if indeed war should break out, then it would not be in our power to stop it, for such is the logic of war.I have participated in two wars and know that war ends when it has rolled through cities and villages, everywhere sowing death and destruction. 90005 90004 In the name of the Soviet Government and the Soviet people, I assure you that your conclusions regarding offensive weapons on Cuba are groundless. It is apparent from what you have written me that our conceptions are different on this score, or rather, we have different estimates of these or those military means. Indeed, in reality, the same forms of weapons can have different interpretations.90005 90004 You are a military man and, I hope, will understand me. Let us take for example a simple cannon. What sort of means is this: offensive or defensive? A cannon is a defensive means if it is set up to defend boundaries or a fortified area. But if one concentrates artillery, and adds to it the necessary number of troops, then the same cannons do become an offensive means, because they prepare and clear the way for infantry to attack. The same happens with missile-nuclear weapons as well, with any type of this weapon.90005 90004 You are mistaken if you think that any of our means on Cuba are offensive. However, let us not quarrel now. It is apparent that I will not be able to convince you of this. But I say to you: You, Mr. President, are a military man and should understand: Can one attack, if one has on one’s territory even an enormous quantity of missiles of various effective radiuses and various power, but using only these means. These missiles are a means of extermination and destruction.But one can not attack with these missiles, even nuclear missiles of a power of 100 megatons because only people, troops, can attack. Without people, any means however powerful can not be offensive. 90005 90004 How can one, consequently, give such a completely incorrect interpretation as you are now giving, to the effect that some sort of means on Cuba are offensive. All the means located there, and I assure you of this, have a defensive character, are on Cuba solely for the purposes of defense, and we have sent them to Cuba at the request of the Cuban Government.You, however, say that these are offensive means. 90005 90004 But, Mr. President, do you really seriously think that Cuba can attack the United States and that even we together with Cuba can attack you from the territory of Cuba? Can you really think that way? How is it possible? We do not understand this. Has something so new appeared in military strategy that one can think that it is possible to attack thus. I say precisely attack, and not destroy, since barbarians, people who have lost their sense, destroy.90005 90004 I believe that you have no basis to think this way. You can regard us with distrust, but, in any case, you can be calm in this regard, that we are of sound mind and understand perfectly well that if we attack you, you will respond the same way. But you too will receive the same that you hurl against us. And I think that you also understand this. My conversation with you in Vienna gives me the right to talk to you this way. 90005 90004 This indicates that we are normal people, that we correctly understand and correctly evaluate the situation.Consequently, how can we permit the incorrect actions which you ascribe to us? Only lunatics or suicides, who themselves want to perish and to destroy the whole world before they die, could do this. We, however, want to live and do not at all want to destroy your country. We want something quite different: To compete with your country on a peaceful basis. We quarrel with you, we have differences on ideological questions. But our view of the world consists in this, that ideological questions, as well as economic problems, should be solved not by military means, they must be solved on the basis of peaceful competition, i.e., as this is understood in capitalist society, on the basis of competition. We have proceeded and are proceeding from the fact that the peaceful co-existence of the two different social-political systems, now existing in the world, is necessary, that it is necessary to assure a stable peace. That is the sort of principle we hold. 90005 90004 You have now proclaimed piratical measures, which were employed in the Middle Ages, when ships proceeding in international waters were attacked, and you have called this «a quarantine «around Cuba.Our vessels, apparently, will soon enter the zone which your Navy is patrolling. I assure you that these vessels, now bound for Cuba, are carrying the most innocent peaceful cargoes. Do you really think that we only occupy ourselves with the carriage of so-called offensive weapons, atomic and hydrogen bombs? Although perhaps your military people imagine that these (cargoes) are some sort of special type of weapon, I assure you that they are the most ordinary peaceful products. 90005 90004 Consequently, Mr.President, let us show good sense. I assure you that on those ships, which are bound for Cuba, there are no weapons at all. The weapons which were necessary for the defense of Cuba are already there. I do not want to say that there were not any shipments of weapons at all. No, there were such shipments. But now Cuba has already received the necessary means of defense. 90005 90004 I do not know whether you can understand me and believe me. But I should like to have you believe in yourself and to agree that one can not give way to passions; it is necessary to control them.And in what direction are events now developing? If you stop the vessels, then, as you yourself know, that would be piracy. If we started to do that with regard to your ships, then you would also be as indignant as we and the whole world now are. One can not give another interpretation to such actions, because one can not legalize lawlessness. If this were permitted, then there would be no peace, there would also be no peaceful coexistence. We should then be forced to put into effect the necessary measures of a defensive character to protect our interests in accordance with international law.Why should this be done? To what would all this lead? 90005 90004 Let us normalize relations. We have received an appeal from the Acting Secretary General of the UN, U Thant, with his proposals. I have already answered him. His proposals come to this, that our side should not transport armaments of any kind to Cuba during a certain period of time, while negotiations are being conducted — and we are ready to enter such negotiations — and the other side should not undertake any sort of piratical actions against vessels engaged in navigation on the high seas.I consider these proposals reasonable. This would be a way out of the situation which has been created, which would give the peoples the possibility of breathing calmly. You have asked what happened, what evoked the delivery of weapons to Cuba? You have spoken about this to our Minister of Foreign Affairs. I will tell you frankly, Mr. President, what evoked it. 90005 90004 We were very grieved by the fact — I spoke about it in Vienna — that a landing took place, that an attack on Cuba was committed, as a result of which many Cubans perished.You yourself told me then that this had been a mistake. I respected that explanation. You repeated it to me several times, pointing out that not everybody occupying a high position would acknowledge his mistakes as you had done. I value such frankness. For my part, I told you that we too possess no less courage; we also acknowledged those mistakes which had been committed during the history of our state, and not only acknowledged, but sharply condemned them. 90005 90004 If you are really concerned about the peace and welfare of your people, and this is your responsibility as President, then I, as the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, am concerned for my people.Moreover, the preservation of world peace should be our joint concern, since if, under contemporary conditions, war should break out, it would be a war not only between the reciprocal claims, but a world wide cruel and destructive war. 90005 90004 Why have we proceeded to assist Cuba with military and economic aid? The answer is: We have proceeded to do so only for reasons of humanitarianism. At one time, our people itself had a revolution, when Russia was still a backward country.We were attacked then. We were the target of attack by many countries. The USA participated in that adventure. This has been recorded by participants in the aggression against our country. A whole book has been written about this by General Graves, who, at that time, commanded the US Expeditionary Corps. Graves called it «The American Adventure in Siberia. «90005 90004 We know how difficult it is to accomplish a revolution and how difficult it is to reconstruct a country on new foundations.We sincerely sympathize with Cuba and the Cuban people, but we are not interfering in questions of domestic structure, we are not interfering in their affairs. The Soviet Union desires to help the Cubans build their life as they themselves wish and that others should not hinder them. 90005 90004 You once said that the United States was not preparing an invasion. But you also declared that you sympathized with the Cuban counter-revolutionary emigrants, that you support them and would help them to realize their plans against the present Government of Cuba.It is also not a secret to anyone that the threat of armed attack, aggression, has constantly hung, and continues to hang over Cuba. It was only this which impelled us to respond to the request of the Cuban Government to furnish it aid for the strengthening of the defensive capacity of this country. 90005 90004 If assurances were given by the President and the Government of the United States that the USA itself would not participate in an attack on Cuba and would restrain others from actions of this sort, if you would recall your fleet, this would immediately change everything.I am not speaking for Fidel Castro, but I think that he and the Government of Cuba, evidently, would declare demobilization and would appeal to the people to get down to peaceful labor. Then, too, the question of armaments would disappear, since, if there is no threat, then armaments are a burden for every people. Then too, the question of the destruction, not only of the armaments which you call offensive, but of all other armaments as well, would look different. 90005 90004 I spoke in the name of the Soviet Government in the United Nations and introduced a proposal for the disbandment of all armies and for the destruction of all armaments.How then can I now count on those armaments? 90005 90004 Armaments bring only disasters. When one accumulates them, this damages the economy, and if one puts them to use, then they destroy people on both sides. Consequently, only a madman can believe that armaments are the principal means in the life of society. No, they are an enforced loss of human energy, and what is more are for the destruction of man himself. If people do not show wisdom, then in the final analysis they will come to a clash, like blind moles, and then reciprocal extermination will begin.90005 90004 Let us therefore show statesmanlike wisdom. I propose: We, for our part, will declare that our ships, bound for Cuba, will not carry any kind of armaments. You would declare that the United States will not invade Cuba with its forces and will not support any sort of forces which might intend to carry out an invasion of Cuba. Then the necessity for the presence of our military specialists in Cuba would disappear. 90005 90004 Mr. President, I appeal to you to weigh well what the aggressive, piratical actions, which you have declared the USA intends to carry out in international waters, would lead to.You yourself know that any sensible man simply can not agree with this, can not recognize your right to such actions. 90005 90004 If you did this as the first step towards the unleashing of war, well then, it is evident that nothing else is left to us but to accept this challenge of yours. If, however, you have not lost your self-control and sensibly conceive what this might lead to, then, Mr. President, we and you ought not now to pull on the ends of the rope in which you have tied the knot of war, because the more the two of us pull, the tighter that knot will be tied.And a moment may come when that knot will be tied so tight that even he who tied it will not have the strength to untie it, and then it will be necessary to cut that knot, and what that would mean is not for me to explain to you, because you yourself understand perfectly of what terrible forces our countries dispose. 90005 90004 Consequently, if there is no intention to tighten that knot and thereby to doom the world to the catastrophe of thermonuclear war, then let us not only relax the forces pulling on the ends of the rope, let us take measures to untie that knot.We are ready for this. 90005 90004 We welcome all forces which stand on positions of peace. Consequently, I expressed gratitude to Mr. Bertrand Russell, too, who manifests alarm and concern for the fate of the world, and I readily responded to the appeal of the Acting Secretary General of the UN, U Thant. 90005 90004 There, Mr. President, are my thoughts, which, if you agreed with them, could put an end to that tense situation which is disturbing all peoples. 90005 90004 These thoughts are dictated by a sincere desire to relieve the situation, to remove the threat of war.90005 90004 Respectfully yours, 90005 90004 [s] N. Khrushchev 90005 90004 October 26, 1962. 90009 End Text 90010. 90005 90004 Original of letter being air pouched today under transmittal slip to Executive Secretariat. 90005 90004 Kohler 90005 .90000 Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961-1963, Volume VI, Kennedy-Khrushchev Exchanges 90001 90002 9. Telegram From the Embassy in the Soviet Union to the Department of State0 90003 90004 Moscow, April 18, 1961 2 p.m. 90005 90004 2550.Following letter to President Kennedy from Khrushchev handed me by Acting Foreign Minister Semenov at 12:15 today.Begin text: 90005 90004 Mr. President, I send you this message in an hour of alarm, fraught with danger for the peace of the whole world. Armed aggression has begun [Page 8] against Cuba. It is a secret to no one that the armed bands invading this country were trained, equipped and armed in the United States of America.The planes which are bombing Cuban cities belong to the United States of America, the bombs they are dropping are being supplied by the American Government. 90005 90004 All of this evokes here in the Soviet Union an understandable feeling of indignation on the part of the Soviet Government and the Soviet people. 90005 90004 Only recently, in exchanging opinions through our respective representatives, we talked with you about the mutual desire of both sides to put forward joint efforts directed toward improving relations between our countries and eliminating the danger of war.Your statement a few days ago that the USA would not participate in military activities against Cuba created the impression that the top leaders of the United States were taking into account the consequences for general peace and for the USA itself which aggression against Cuba could have. How can what is being done by the United States in reality be understood, when an attack on Cuba has now become a fact? 90005 90004 It is still not late to avoid the irreparable.The Government of the USA still has the possibility of not allowing the flame of war ignited by interventions in Cuba to grow into an incomparable conflagration. I approach you, Mr. President, with an urgent call to put an end to aggression against the Republic of Cuba. Military armament and the world political situation are such at this time that any so-called «little war» can touch off a chain reaction in all parts of the globe.90005 90004 As far as the Soviet Union is concerned, there should be no mistake about our position: We will render the Cuban people and their government all necessary help to repel armed attack on Cuba. We are sincerely interested in a relaxation of international tension, but if others proceed toward sharpening, we will answer them in full measure. And in general it is hardly possible so to conduct matters that the situation is settled in one area and conflagration extinguished, while a new conflagration is ignited in another area.90005 90004 I hope that the Government of the USA will consider our views as dictated by the sole concern not to allow steps which could lead the world to military catastrophe.End text. 90005 .